Friday, October 18, 2013


Bacteria that makes the Hawaiian bobtail squid bioluminescent also dictate when it expresses a gene that encodes circadian rhythm-controlling proteins,according to a paper due to be published in mBio.
The squid has fascinated microbiologists for years because of its harmonious relationship with just one bacteria -- Vibrio fischeri. The bacteria does not express light when it is freely roaming in the ocean, but when housed in the squid's light organ (located in its underbelly) it will work with the animal to emit light according to how much

moonlight and sunlight is visible above. In doing so, the squid will glow a light blue to mimic the light from above, eliminating its shadow on the seabed and rendering it invisible to predators potentially lurking below. The two live a happy coexistence: the bacteria getting sustenance from the squid, the squid getting camouflage from the bacteria.

A cyclic daily routine enjoyed by the two had already been noted. For instance, the bobtail squid  expels 95 percent of the bacteria every morning when it's about to go to sleep in the seabed. In doing so the squid ensures infant squid have access to new bacteria and that it stops emitting light while it sleeps. The remaining bacteria repopulate everyday and are back to full capacity by nightfall. This process employs a type of cell-to-cell communication called quorum sensing. It's induced when the individual bacteria release chemical autoinducers to alert others to its presence, and when the level of autoinducers reaches a certain density the bacteria turns on genes that react with proteins to emit the light. In the bobtail's case, the bacteria produces the enzyme luciferas. It's why the bacteria doesn't emit light outside the squid's organ -- in the ocean the autoinducers never accumulate to a high enough density.
What has been unclear is how the squid and bacteria communicate with one another -- for instance, how does the squid recognise and translate light messages to good bacteria and not bad. The mBio paper has gone a way in providing some clues as to how this symbiosis works behind the scenes. It has revealed that escry1, one of two genes in the squid that encodes proteins that set its inner clock (similar to our light sensitive biological clock) is dominant in the light organ where the bacteria thrives.

Lead author on the paper Margaret McFall-Ngai of the University of Wisconsin found that the gene was not cycling with environmental light however, as is the norm among animals and humans, but with the bioluminescence dominant at night. The find is an exciting one because it is "the first report of bacteria entraining the daily rhythms of host tissues", according to McFall-Ngai, and could be replicable in other animals or even humans. It's been difficult to breakdown the relationship between human, their good bacteria and viruses because the system is so complex -- we have millions of "good bacteria" thriving within us. Conversely, there is just one bacteria dominant in the bobtail squid and the pair make excellent research subjects because each can thrive without each other. 

This means researchers can study bacteria-free squid in the lab to see what natural states the Vibrio fischeri are affecting -- which is how McFall-Ngai confirmed her suspicions about what was happening with the gene cycles.
She found that squid in the lab that lacked Vibrio fischeri bacteria could not luminesce and did not cycle their expression of the escry1 gene. Using a blue light to mimic the luminescence still did not induce gene cycling. However, if the bacteria was present but defective (unable to luminesce), gene cycling did kick in when the fake light was used. It proves that the bacteria and the light are together essential for controlling gene cycling in the squid.

Breaking the process down further McFall-Ngai found that microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), which alert animals to the presence of certain microbes, induced some cycling when combined only with light and not bacteria. Next up she and her team will investigate how the escry1 gene affects the squids metabolism, but the whole find could point us in the right direction to understanding how the millions of bacteria in our gut possibly regulate other processes in the body.

"Recently, in two different studies, biologists have found that there is profound circadian rhythm in both the epithelium [of the human gut] and the mucosal immune system of the gut that is controlled by these clock genes," McFall-Ngai said in a statement. "What are we missing? Are the bacteria affected by or inducing the cycling of the tissues with which they associate? We don't know."

Further studies of the processes could answer questions about how our body communicates with good bacteria, and how the Vibrio fischeri bacteria developed a symbiotic relationship -- considering it is closely relation to other Vibrio bacteria that are far from symbiotic, causing cholera and gastroenteritis.


Wednesday, October 16, 2013

Samsung Galaxy Grand software update brings Blocking Made

Samsung Galaxy Grand software update brings Blocking mode and stability improvements







Samsung recently launched the Galaxy Grand Duos in the country and now the device is getting its first set of software updates.

While one update brings improved stability with a 26.68MB download, the other is a feature called Blocking Mode. This second 21.17MB update comes with a warning saying that "some settings will be reset or data erased after this upgrade".

For those unaware, blocking mode allows users to disable notifications for certain features on the device such as incoming calls, alarm and timer and notifications itself, similar to the DND facility in iOS. Users can set a time when they choose not to be disturbed. They can, however allow incoming calls from certain contacts should they choose to add those to their 'Allowed contacts' list.

As warned, we particularly faced this issue after the update was installed. The songs saved in the storage card were not visible anymore and the Music player widget on the home screen went blank with no song details available. However, restarting the device post the update helped restore all the song data.

Users can head over to Settings>About Device>Software Update>Update.

The Galaxy Grand Duos (Review I Pictures) is Samsung's 5-inch device with a WVGA TFT display. It is a dual-SIM Smartphone that is powered by Android 4.1.2 (Jelly Bean) and runs on a 1.2GHz dual-core processor with 1GB RAM.

The Smartphone packs in 8GB of internal storage (4GB available to the user). The memory can be expanded by up to 64GB via microSD card. Samsung is also offering 50GB of cloud space through Drop box with the purchase of this Smartphone. Other features include an 8-megapixel rear and camera with flash, a 2-megapixel camera in the front and a 2,100mAh battery

Friday, October 4, 2013

vodafone internet settings for android



APN settings explained
APN (Access Point Name) settings are used by your phone, tablet or modem to connect to the internet, and send/receive PXT messages, over the Vodafone mobile network. Below you’ll find APN, WAP and PXT/MMS settings for your phone.

APN settings
Internet settings for smartphones
Name
VF WEB
APN
live.vodafone.com
MCC
505
MNC
03
APN Type
default
Note: Your phone may not require the MCC, MNC or APN Type 

Internet settings for WAP-based phones (i.e. non-smartphones)
Name   
VF WAP
APN
live.vodafone.com
Proxy
10.202.2.60
Port
8080
Note: Your phone may not require the MCC, MNC or APN Type 

PXT/MMS settings
Name
Vodafone AU-MMS
APN
live.vodafone.com
MMSC
http://pxt.vodafone.net.au/pxtsend
MMS Proxy
10.202.2.60
MMS Port
8080
MCC
505
MNC
03
APN type
mms
Note: Your phone may not require the MCC, MNC or APN Type 

Thursday, October 3, 2013

Manual Internet Settings for Omantel, Nawras Blackberry


Internet settings (iPhone – Nawras)
Go to Settings > General > Network > Cellular Data NetworkEnter Cellular
Data Apn : isp.nawras.com.om
Username : testTest : test

Internet settings (iPhone – Oman Mobile)
Goto > > > Apn : taif
Username : taif
Password : taif

Internet settings – Blackberry – Nawras
Go to Options > Advanced >
TCPAPN : isp.nawras.com.om
username : testpassword : test

MMS settings – Nawras
APN : mms.nawras.com.om
MMSC : 10.128.240.16/servlets/mms
MMS Proxy : 10.128.240.19:8080
All other fields blank

MMS settings – Oman Mobile
APN : mms
Username: mms
Password: mms
Mmsc: http://mmsc.omanmobile.om:10021/mmsc
Proxy: 192.168.203.035:8080
All other fields blank

Text Message Center Number
Go to Menu > messages > settings > text message > message centre
OmanMobile (+968 99300610)

Internet settings – Google Nexus One – Nawras
Go to seetings >Mobile networks > Access Point Names> Data
APNName: Nawras Internet (can be any name)
APN: isp.nawras.com.om
APN Type: default
User Name: test
Password: test
APN Type: defaultLeave other fields empty
MMS settings – Google Nexus One – Nawras
MMS APNName: nawras
MMS (Can be any name)
APN: mms.nawras.com.om
Proxy: 10.128.240.19Port: 8080
username: test
password: test
MMSC: http://10.128.240.16/servlets/mms
MMS proxy: 10.128.240.19MMS port: 8080
Authentication Type : None
APN type: mms

Internet Settings for Globe, Smart, Sun

GLOBE

myGlobe:
access name: www.globe.com.ph
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 203.177.42.214:8080
linger time (sec): 300

myGlobe MMS:
access name: mms.globe.com.ph
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 203.177.42.214:8080
linger time (sec): 300

MyGlobe Internet Postpaid:
access name: internet.globe.com.ph
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 0.0.0.0:8080
linger time (sec): 300

MyGlobe Internet Prepaid:
access name: http.globe.com.ph
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 0.0.0.0:8080
linger time (sec): 300

MyGlobe Youtube:
access name: internet.globe.com.ph
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 0.0.0.0:8080
linger time (sec): 300

MyGlobe Stream:
access name: real.globe.com.ph
auth type: PAP
home url: http://
proxy address: 0.0.0.0:8080
linger time (sec): 300



SMART

SmartGPRS:
accessname: internet
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 10.102.61.46:8080
linger time (sec): 300

SmartMMS:
accessname: mms
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 10.102.61.46:8080
linger time (sec): 300


Smart INTERNET:
accessname: internet
auth type: PAP
proxy address: 0.0.0.0:8080
linger time (sec): 300



Internet settings for SUN users...

By Andreile Espinosa in SAMSUNG CORBY 2 - GT-S3850 - CORBITONIANS! · Edit Doc · Delete
MENU > SETTINGS > CONNECTIVITY > NETWORK > CONNECTIONS > PRESS YES (POP-UP MESSAGE) > CREATE
SUN MMS:
Set Name: SUN MMS
Access Name: mms
Auth type: PAP
User ID: 
Password: 
Protocol: HTTP
Proxy address: 202.138.159.78:8080
Linger Time(sec): 300
SUN WAP GPRS
Set name: SUN WAP GPRS
Access name: wap
Auth type:PAPUser ID: Password:
 Protocol: HTTP
Linger Time (sec): 300
Sun Internet
Set name: SUN INTERNET
Access name: minternet
Auth type: PAP
User ID:
 Password:
 Protocol: HTTP
Proxy Address: http://0.0.0.0:8080
Linger Time (sec): 300